hex ↔ decimal ↔ binary, text ↔ hex ↔ bytes32, two’s complement.
2550xff0b111111110x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffConvert between hex, decimal and binary (any size, uint256 safe, signed two’s complement), and between UTF-8 text, hex bytes and bytes32 for Solidity.
take its utf-8 bytes and right-pad with zeros to 32 bytes. it only fits if the string is 32 bytes or less; longer strings need bytes or string.
int256 values are stored as two’s complement: -1 is 0xff…ff. the signed view decodes that back into a negative number.